A brain computer interface (BCI) is an instrument that allows people https://hive-eu.org/ethical-considerations-in-brain-computer-interfaces with motor or cognitive limitations to control computers and other devices. BCIs translate brain signals using a variety and recording techniques, a signal-processing algorithm and machine learning. They can be used to control a variety of devices, including the computer monitors that display cursors, wheelchairs and robotic arm.
Most BCIs measure activity from the scalp, such as electroencephalographic (EEG) or functional near-infrared imaging (fNIRS) signaling. The signals are recorded by a sensor which detects the activity of neurons. Software then converts these signals to operating commands.
In many BCI systems the user has to go through an iterative process of instruction to produce signals that the system recognizes. For instance the BCI designed to type letters requires the user to imagine that they are moving their left or right hand in order to generate the desired image of movement.
The most exciting BCI developments involve implantable or noninvasive systems that record directly from neural tissue instead of the scalp. These devices are more precise than noninvasive BCIs however, they require surgery and come with dangers.
Invasive BCIs are still very experimental and it is essential that patients who undergo this procedure fully comprehend the risks and benefits of this technology. BCIs can detect neural signals containing sensitive information regarding health and behavior. Security and privacy of data is an additional concern. Some people do not like the technology for ethical reasons because they fear that others might hack into their minds and take control of them.
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